Android Remote Control MCP

An Android application that runs as an MCP (Model Context Protocol) server, enabling AI models to fully control an Android device remotely using accessibility services and screenshot capture.

The app runs directly on your Android device (or emulator) and exposes an HTTP server (with optional HTTPS) implementing the MCP protocol. AI models like Claude can connect to it and interact with any app on the device — reading UI elements, tapping buttons, typing text, swiping, capturing screenshots, managing files, launching apps, and more.

Warning: This software is provided "as-is" without warranty of any kind, for research and educational purposes only. The authors do not condone the use of this tool for any illegal, unauthorized, or unethical activities. Users are solely responsible for ensuring their use complies with all applicable laws and regulations. By using this software, you agree to use it responsibly and at your own risk.

Demo

Features

MCP Server

• HTTP server running directly on Android (Ktor + Netty), with optional HTTPS
• Streamable HTTP transport at /mcp (MCP specification compliant, JSON-only, no SSE)
• Combined authentication: static bearer token and/or a self-contained OAuth 2.1 server (Claude.ai / Claude Desktop custom connectors, with on-device approval)
• Auto-generated self-signed TLS certificates (or custom certificate upload)
• Configurable binding: localhost (127.0.0.1) or network (0.0.0.0)
• Auto-start on boot
• Remote access tunnels via Cloudflare Quick Tunnels or ngrok (public HTTPS URL)

56 MCP Tools across 13 Categories

Screen introspection, system actions, touch actions, gestures, node actions, text input, utilities, file operations, app management, camera, intents, notifications, and location.

All tool names use the android_ prefix by default (e.g., android_tap). When a device slug is configured (e.g., pixel7), the prefix becomes android_pixel7_ (e.g., android_pixel7_tap).

See docs/MCP_TOOLS.md for the full tool reference with input/output schemas and examples.

Android App

• Material Design 3 UI with tabbed layout (Server / Settings / About) and dark mode
• Server status monitoring (running/stopped) with permission warning banner
• Connection info display (IP, port, token, tunnel URL)
• Per-tool and per-parameter permissions (enable/disable individual MCP tools)
• Permission management (Accessibility, Notifications, Camera, Microphone)
• Remote access tunnel configuration (Cloudflare / ngrok)
• Storage location management (automatic locations + SAF authorization for file tools)
• Server log viewer (MCP tool calls, tunnel events)
• Headless setup via ADB (configure, grant permissions, start/stop server without UI)

Comparison with Alternatives

Most alternatives rely on ADB running on a host machine, which means a USB cable or local network connection and a computer sitting next to the phone. This project runs entirely on the device itself, so you can expose the MCP endpoint through a tunnel and control your phone from anywhere.

On the token efficiency side, ADB-based tools typically return raw uiautomator XML dumps which can easily be 10-50x more verbose than the compact representation used here. Combined with numbered screenshot annotations, configurable image quality, and the ability to disable tools you don't need (every tool definition costs tokens on every turn), this significantly reduces the per-interaction cost in agentic loops.

Install

Option A: Download on your phone (easiest)

1. Open the Releases page on your phone's browser
2. Download the APK from the latest release
3. Open the downloaded APK and follow the prompts to install it (you may need to allow installation from unknown sources)

Option B: Download on your PC and install via ADB

1. Download the APK from the Releases page
2. Connect your phone via USB (with USB Debugging enabled)
3. Install the APK:

adb install app-release.apk

Option C: Build from sources

git clone https://github.com/danielealbano/android-remote-control-mcp.git
cd android-remote-control-mcp
make build
make install  # installs on connected device/emulator

See CONTRIBUTING.md for full build requirements and instructions.

Setup

1. Open the app and go to Settings > Permissions
2. Enable Accessibility Service (required for UI introspection, actions, and screenshots)
3. Grant additional permissions as needed (Camera, Microphone, Location, Notifications)
4. Configure storage locations in Settings > Storage if you plan to use file tools (includes automatic locations like Downloads, plus custom locations via SAF)
5. Go back to the Server tab and tap Start to start the MCP server

The server starts on http://127.0.0.1:8080 by default. The connection info (IP, port, token, URL) is displayed on the Server tab.

Note: 127.0.0.1 refers to the phone's localhost, not your computer. To connect from your computer, use adb port forwarding, bind to 0.0.0.0 (network mode), or enable a remote access tunnel.

Permissions Reference

The app declares the permissions below. Normal permissions are granted automatically at install. Runtime permissions and Special access require explicit user action (via the app's Settings > Permissions tab, or programmatically — see Granting Permissions Programmatically). All runtime permissions are optional: the app works without them, but the features that depend on them are disabled until granted.

Connect

Claude Desktop / Claude Code

Add the server to your .mcp.json configuration file:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "android-phone": {
      "type": "http",
      "url": "http://DEVICE_IP:PORT/mcp",
      "headers": {
        "Authorization": "Bearer YOUR_TOKEN"
      }
    }
  }
}

Replace DEVICE_IP, PORT, and YOUR_TOKEN with the values shown in the app's Server tab. If the server is bound to localhost (default), you'll need adb port forwarding or a remote access tunnel to connect.

Note for clients without custom-header support: if your MCP client cannot send an Authorization header and does not support OAuth, you can turn off both auth methods in the app (Settings → Access — disable Bearer token and OAuth). The app warns and asks you to confirm, because the server is then open: anyone who can reach it has full control. Only do this on a network you trust.

Connect from Claude.ai & Claude Desktop (Custom Connector, OAuth)

Claude.ai (web) and Claude Desktop connect as a custom connector (remote MCP) using OAuth 2.1 — the app is its own OAuth Authorization Server, so no external account or pre-registration is needed. This requires the server to be reachable over a public HTTPS URL, so you must first enable a remote access tunnel — a localhost/LAN address or adb port-forward will not work.

1. OAuth is enabled by default — no action needed (if you previously disabled it, re-enable it under Settings → Access). The bearer token stays enabled too; both are accepted.
2. Open Settings → Tunnel, enable Remote Access (Cloudflare Quick Tunnels needs no account), and start the server. Copy the public https://… URL from the Server tab and append /mcp (e.g. https://your-tunnel.trycloudflare.com/mcp).
3. In Claude, open Customize → Connectors → Add custom connector, paste the https://…/mcp URL, and leave the OAuth Client ID and Client Secret blank (the app uses Dynamic Client Registration). Click Add.
4. Claude opens a browser approval page showing a 2-digit code. On the device, a heads-up notification appears — tap it to open the in-app approval screen, confirm the code matches, and Approve.
5. Manage or revoke connected clients any time under Settings → Access → Connected clients. Revoking immediately invalidates that client's tokens.

Public URL override (optional): if your tunnel/host topology needs a fixed public host (or you bind to 0.0.0.0 without a trusted proxy), set a Public URL override in Settings → Access so OAuth metadata and links use a stable host.

Custom connectors are available on the Free (1 connector), Pro, Max, Team, and Enterprise plans (currently in beta).

⚠️ Security: treat the public tunnel URL as sensitive, approve only connections you initiated (verify the 2-digit code), revoke clients you no longer use, and stop the tunnel and server when you are done. Never point it at a device holding sensitive data.

Other MCP Clients

The MCP server exposes a standard Streamable HTTP endpoint at /mcp with combined authentication (static bearer token and/or OAuth 2.1). Any MCP-compatible client can connect to it — refer to your client's documentation for the specific configuration format.

Testing with MCP Inspector

MCP Inspector is the official visual testing tool for MCP servers. It provides a browser-based UI to connect, list tools, fill parameters, and see responses:

npx @modelcontextprotocol/inspector

This opens a UI at http://localhost:6274 where you can connect to your server and test tools interactively.

Testing with curl

All requests are sent as JSON-RPC 2.0 via POST /mcp (Streamable HTTP transport). The server requires a session initialization handshake before tool calls:

# Initialize a session (required before any tool call)
# Capture the mcp-session-id from the response headers
curl -s -D- -X POST http://localhost:8080/mcp \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_TOKEN" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "Accept: application/json, text/event-stream" \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"initialize","params":{"protocolVersion":"2025-03-26","capabilities":{},"clientInfo":{"name":"curl-client","version":"1.0.0"}}}'

# Use the mcp-session-id from the response headers in all subsequent requests

# List available tools
curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/mcp \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_TOKEN" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "Accept: application/json, text/event-stream" \
  -H "mcp-session-id: SESSION_ID" \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":2,"method":"tools/list"}'

# Get the current screen state (UI nodes + optional screenshot)
curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/mcp \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_TOKEN" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "Accept: application/json, text/event-stream" \
  -H "mcp-session-id: SESSION_ID" \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":3,"method":"tools/call","params":{"name":"android_get_screen_state","arguments":{}}}'

# Tap at coordinates
curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/mcp \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_TOKEN" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "Accept: application/json, text/event-stream" \
  -H "mcp-session-id: SESSION_ID" \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":4,"method":"tools/call","params":{"name":"android_tap","arguments":{"x":540,"y":1200}}}'

Replace SESSION_ID with the mcp-session-id value from the initialize response headers.

The bearer token is shown in the app's connection info and can be copied directly. Bearer authentication is controlled by the Bearer token toggle in Settings → Access (not by clearing the value): with it enabled, every /mcp request must present the token (or a valid OAuth access token). The server accepts unauthenticated requests only when both the Bearer token and OAuth are disabled.

Configuration

Server Settings (via App UI)

Using with adb Port Forwarding

When the server is bound to 127.0.0.1 (default, most secure):

# Forward device port to host
adb forward tcp:8080 tcp:8080

# Test connection from host
curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/mcp \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_TOKEN" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "Accept: application/json, text/event-stream" \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"ping"}'

Using over Network

When the server is bound to 0.0.0.0:

1. Find the device's IP address (shown in the app's connection info)
2. Connect directly via POST http://DEVICE_IP:8080/mcp with bearer token

Warning: Binding to 0.0.0.0 exposes the server to all devices on the same network. Only use on trusted private networks.

Using Remote Access Tunnels

For connecting from outside the local network without port forwarding:

1. Cloudflare Quick Tunnels (default, no account required): Creates a temporary tunnel with a random *.trycloudflare.com HTTPS URL.
2. ngrok (account required): Supports optional custom domains. Requires an ngrok authtoken (free tier available). Available on arm64-v8a and x86_64 devices.

Enable the tunnel in the app's "Remote Access" section. The public URL is displayed in the connection info and server logs.

Headless Setup via ADB

The app can be fully configured and controlled from the command line without opening the UI. This is useful for automated setups, CI pipelines, or headless devices.

Replace <app-id> with the application ID for your build:

• Debug: com.danielealbano.androidremotecontrolmcp.debug
• Release: com.danielealbano.androidremotecontrolmcp

Grant Permissions

# Enable Accessibility Service (required for UI introspection, actions, and screenshots)
adb shell settings put secure enabled_accessibility_services \
  <app-id>/com.danielealbano.androidremotecontrolmcp.services.accessibility.McpAccessibilityService

# Enable Notification Listener Service (required for notification tools)
adb shell cmd notification allow_listener \
  <app-id>/com.danielealbano.androidremotecontrolmcp.services.notifications.McpNotificationListenerService

# Grant notification permission (Android 13+)
adb shell pm grant <app-id> android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS

# Grant camera permission
adb shell pm grant <app-id> android.permission.CAMERA

# Grant microphone permission
adb shell pm grant <app-id> android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO

# Grant location permissions
adb shell pm grant <app-id> android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
adb shell pm grant <app-id> android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
adb shell pm grant <app-id> android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION

# Grant nearby WiFi devices permission (Android 13+)
adb shell pm grant <app-id> android.permission.NEARBY_WIFI_DEVICES

# Grant media read permissions (Android 13+)
adb shell pm grant <app-id> android.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES
adb shell pm grant <app-id> android.permission.READ_MEDIA_VIDEO
adb shell pm grant <app-id> android.permission.READ_MEDIA_AUDIO

See docs/PERMISSIONS.md for the full reference and a copy-paste script that grants everything in one go.

Configure the App

All extras are optional — only the ones provided are updated. The app does not need to be open.

adb shell am broadcast \
  -a com.danielealbano.androidremotecontrolmcp.ADB_CONFIGURE \
  -n <app-id>/com.danielealbano.androidremotecontrolmcp.services.mcp.AdbConfigReceiver \
  --es bearer_token "my-secret-token" \
  --es binding_address "0.0.0.0" \
  --ei port 8080 \
  --ez auto_start_on_boot true \
  --ez https_enabled false \
  --es certificate_source "AUTO_GENERATED" \
  --es certificate_hostname "mcp.local" \
  --ez tunnel_enabled false \
  --es tunnel_provider "CLOUDFLARE" \
  --es ngrok_authtoken "your-ngrok-token" \
  --es ngrok_domain "your-domain.ngrok-free.app" \
  --ei file_size_limit_mb 50 \
  --ez allow_http_downloads false \
  --ez allow_unverified_https_certs false \
  --ei download_timeout_seconds 60 \
  --es device_slug "pixel8" \
  --es tool_permissions '{"disabled_tools":["tap"],"disabled_params":{"swipe":["duration_ms"]}}'

# Disable bearer authentication (use only on trusted networks; the server is open
# only if OAuth is also disabled — see the Security section)
adb shell am broadcast \
  -a com.danielealbano.androidremotecontrolmcp.ADB_CONFIGURE \
  -n <app-id>/com.danielealbano.androidremotecontrolmcp.services.mcp.AdbConfigReceiver \
  --ez bearer_token_enabled false

Bearer enforcement is controlled by --ez bearer_token_enabled <bool>, NOT by clearing the value. Clearing the value (--es bearer_token "") while bearer_token_enabled=true makes /mcp fail CLOSED (401) — it does NOT open the server. The server accepts unauthenticated requests only when BOTH bearer_token_enabled and oauth_enabled are false.

Start the MCP Server

The server must be started via a trampoline Activity (required on Android 12+ to gain foreground service exemption). This works even when the app is force-stopped.

adb shell am start \
  -n <app-id>/com.danielealbano.androidremotecontrolmcp.services.mcp.AdbServiceTrampolineActivity \
  --es action start

Stop the MCP Server

adb shell am start \
  -n <app-id>/com.danielealbano.androidremotecontrolmcp.services.mcp.AdbServiceTrampolineActivity \
  --es action stop

Security

No Root Required

The application runs entirely within Android's standard permission model. No root access, no unlocked bootloader, no custom ROM required.

Authentication

Authentication is combined (dual-accept): a /mcp request is authorized by a valid static bearer token OR a valid issued OAuth access token. Enforcement is controlled by two independent toggles in Settings → Access — bearer_token_enabled (default on) and oauth_enabled (default on) — not by the token value. The bearer token is auto-generated once on first launch (UUID, preserved across app upgrades) and can be viewed, copied, or regenerated in the app. Clearing the value while bearer is enabled makes the server fail CLOSED (401). The server accepts unauthenticated requests only when BOTH toggles are off (the app shows a warning and a confirmation before that happens) — see the security note in the Connect section.

Network Security

• Default binding 127.0.0.1: Only accessible via adb port forwarding or tunnels (most secure)
• Optional binding 0.0.0.0: Accessible over network (use only on trusted networks; security warning displayed when enabling)
• HTTPS: Optional, disabled by default. When enabled, uses auto-generated self-signed certificates or upload your own CA-signed certificate. Certificate is stored in app-private storage.

Permissions

All permissions are managed from the app's Settings > Permissions tab. Every sensitive permission requires explicit user action — nothing is granted silently.

Storage locations are configured in Settings > Storage, which includes automatic locations (e.g., Downloads) and custom locations authorized via the system file picker.

Contributing

See CONTRIBUTING.md for build requirements, testing, architecture, and development conventions.

License

This project is licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE.md for details.